Last updated: March 2, 2026

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Formula

The Pearson correlation coefficient measures the linear relationship between two variables, ranging from -1 (perfect negative) to +1 (perfect positive). A value near 0 indicates no linear relationship.

Correlation does not imply causation. Two variables may be correlated due to a third confounding variable or coincidence.

Common use cases:

  • Exploring relationships between variables
  • Feature selection in data science
  • Validating measurement instruments

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