Last updated: March 2, 2026

Chi-Square Test of Independence

Formula

The chi-square test of independence determines whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It compares observed frequencies with the frequencies expected under independence.

If the chi-square statistic exceeds the critical value for the chosen significance level, the null hypothesis of independence is rejected.

Common use cases:

  • Testing independence of categorical variables
  • A/B testing significance
  • Survey data analysis

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